Rate buy-downs.
The builder pays a lump sum at closing to permanently or temporarily lower your mortgage rate. A 2-1 temporary buydown cuts the note rate 2% in year one and 1% in year two before reverting to the full rate — useful if you expect to refinance. A permanent buydown locks the savings across the full loan term. Almost every builder requires their own preferred lender, so a side-by-side Loan Estimate comparison is non-negotiable.

